Competitive Environment in Singapore Airlines-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Give a brief overview of the Primary External Influences to which the Organization is subject and briefly explain the particular importance of each to the Organization. 2.Discuss about the Changing Competitive Environment. Answers: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about Singapore Airlines. Singapore airlines was founded in from Malayan Airway Ltd. where the organization was initiated the business in 1947. Since there are number of political factors, the company was actually renamed as Malaysian Airways and Malaysia Singapore Airlines however, in the end it split into Singapore Airlines along with Malaysia Airlines in the year 1972 (Beria, Niemeier Frohlich., 2011). When there is no regional route present right after the separation, the company has been force to depend solely on global marketplace which is highly subjected competition. The bad or difficult start developed a spirit which is driving to compete and also dedicate to the branding of the company. The entire airlines have also initiated the branding strategy as per its number of services in the flight and the company was also engaged in French Haute couture and a renowned designer namely Pierre Balmain. He designed a unique and distinct version of th e Malay Sarong Kebaya since the airlines Stewardess uniform. This at the later stage becomes a very popular signature for the brand (Airport Transport World, 2014). PESTLE Analysis Following is the detailed discussion: - Political: the political environment of the Singapore has been very stable because of its dominant political party called as Peoples Action Party is the government ever since independence. The government of the country has permitted freedom in number of ways like corporate governance and has also set some limitation for the industry. In addition, the company is also to make majority of the decisions. The government also impacts the company by recruiting director over the organization. the government has also permitted SIA to focus on profit when it is compared with public or social accountabilities, the government also provide support to the company for retrenchment activities especially during any kind of economic crisis (Center for Aviation, 2013). The foreign policy of the country also maintains a good association, it have also settled a diplomatic association with more than one hundred and seventy five countries and have specifically maintained cordial relationship with large sca le economy and countries like Germany, UK and France. The country also managed to enter in the trade agreement which is free specifically between India, Australia, Japan, New Zealand and USA. In the recent time, it has also associated with China as well. the country has also seen working closely and diligently to build a strong connection with many Middle East countries with an intensive and high level of visit that exist between both the countries along with signing the Gulf Based Cooperation Council and Singapore Free Trade Agreement by the end of 2008. In addition, the present Asia Pacific region has raised a situation of unrest during the recent time specifically in many developing countries. Country like Thailand has also faced a lot of turmoil in the year 2008 since there was a lot of protest because of which tourism industry is impacted. There were act of terrorism as well which impact some of the country in the present region (Bloomberg, 2012). Economic: The financial crises in last ten years have severely impacted many countries all across the world which primarily caused due to recession in many countries. The crisis remained for the whole year and the current financial institution has been very careful while loaning the money and organization that have gone through a difficult cost by cutting different measures in order to survive in long run. There are signs of recovery that have shown in 2009 and yet IMF has further predicted in many countries and it will be out of the recession by 2009. The prices of oil were also hitting at a very high level and further seen sharp drop by the end of 2008. The prices were rising at stable speed by hitting the high peak by the end 2009 (Chan, 2000). The prices of oil also came as an outcome in so many ways where some have projected that the prices of oil will drop to a specific level because most of country is were still recovering from the burns of recession and it had further specula ted that it will further continue to surge. The board of Singapore Tourism Board has been putting a lot of pressure as well as efforts in promoting varied Singapore as destination of Meeting, Convention, Incentives and Exhibitions which is also called as MICE. There are two integrated projects as well as resort were costing of SGD eighteen billion and places like Marina Bay Sand along with Resort World at places like Sentosa has finished by 2010 which is further expected to drawn seventeen million and high quality tourism. The country is also involved in hosting Formula one night race and all such will also make a positive kind of impact on business based travel in country like Singapore and further boosted the tourism based sector (Cook, Tanner Lawes, 2012). Social: Singapore is basically an immigrant nation and have a diversified culture which is almost close to thirty five percent of the present population where non citizen living in the nation with twenty five percent of foreigners and just ten percent of local residents. However, there was a lot of protest in recent time related to this issue. Instead of high level of non-citizen of citizen related ratio, this nation is still promoting the international talent and also believing that the nation will have short of labor many the immigrant policy was there to finish. The complete population contains almost more than seventy five percent of Chinese people which is followed by Indian as well as Malay (Hakiman, 2011). The main religion followed by resident of the country was Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Christian and Hindu. The country was specifically known for its rich Asian culture, this country is also one of the most western inclined countries in Asia. The recent development in Chinese e conomy along with many open door policy have landed in this country with major international labor which arrives from China and this have also developed some kind of cultural conflict among many people living in Singapore. The country is also famous for the hard work as well as competitive culture which was operating of Kaisu which holds traditional values from Chinese tradition and have strong impact on the working culture. This further converted to a culture of high values along with power distance and the low level of employees have accepted the subordinate level which sometime questions the decision of management. The management also stressed on the current team work and maintenance of group harmony was also encouraged from time to time (Fu Oum, 2014). Technology: the basic invention like computer along with internet has resulted in so many kind of expansion of telecommunication and electronic innovation during the past ten year. Growth in the recent time where the value of HD is important and provide a crisper kind of image in addition with high speed of processing system in order to compress as well as decompress different images and rapid data transfer rate and main solution in high quality with no gap in time as well as clear image and sound. With advancement in technology, the basis definition of entertainment has been constantly evolved and electronic devices are getting portable with rise in performance. Such kind of gadgets is constantly getting cheaper and more people are treating as it is becoming a necessity (Heracleous Wirtz, 2014). Every house in the country will have a portable processing system along with hand phone and cameras that are completely loaded with personalized game, photos, music as well as videos. Such items will normally carried at time of travelling. Legal: transformation in present regulatory foundation can have major influence on airlines industry specifically for those that are associated national level carriers. Different types of governments are brining different set of outlook from political perspective and there are strategies, there are many steps which are constantly impacting the present aviation industry. For example, there were some kind of terrorist events in 2001 and there were some important regulatory transformations that influence the way in which travelers must be scrutinized for all air travelers (Heracleous Wirtz, 2014). Environmental: there is rise in issues and concerns about the airlines travelers for many environment friendly based services and functions. The main preference is likely to develop in the time to come because of the national level of carbon reductions aims and rise in prices of energy. Some kinds of airlines have already initiated to deal with green concerns and integrating it with other CSR based policies and plans of marketing. However, Singapore Airlines has therefore been very slow in speed in order to respond to demand from customers (Lim Lee, 2012). 2.Changing competitive environment (Porters Five Forces) Following is the detailed discussion of the Porters Five Forces: - Threat of new entrants: the present airline sector need a huge capital level investment with at least millions of money needed right before the business processes and it is based on estimates that the company need about one dollar in order to generate one dollar revenue. It will also need a lot of work in logistic department with highly skilled personals like technicians, pilots as well as specialized managerial personnel that are often restricted by resources in the present industry. There is also some kind of restricted access to routes and airport with another difficulty post any new entrant. Since the region of Asia Pacific is moving towards free deregulation and trade related to airspace and more options are developed (Heracleous Wirtz, 2006). From the time of introduction, by companies like America Southwest Airlines in the year 1973, there is Low Cost Carrier as well that have gained a lot of popularity and proven to be highly profitable. Number of different organization have formed to give the services which revolve around the Asian region as well as around 1990s and presently Asia region have almost over sixty of varied kind of LCC primarily because of offer with short distance flight within similar country. Some of the airlines have also initiated to provide long haul budget airlines for instance; Air Asia has also introduced the services called Air Asia X in the year 2007. This service offer flight from London to Malaysia and also covers Australia and India. At the same time, the LCC were never considered as a direct competition to SIA and as the main market for such airlines where the travelers were most cost conscious. It is also possible that in near future, these LCC will also venture into the premium market sector especially when the company is able to reach specific level of business based expertise. Such trends must not be completely overlooked by SIA in long run and it is also safe to base an assumption that the current treatment of number o f new entrants will remain low at the present time (Markides Sosa, 2013). Rivalry among the present firms: the goods in the current industry have a short shelf in fair manner and the service is also based on loss when airplane takes off and every kind of cost incurred cannot be recovered properly. The seats are normally around seventy five percent with full on capacity and airlines that is also dominating in the same region by considering the direct competition with SIA are small and they are associated with Malaysian Airlines Ltd., Cathy Pacific, Japan Airlines and many more. There are some airlines which are able to compete completely against SIA and the complete airlines are same in structure as well as market shares (Pearson Merkert., 2011). At the same time, there is a lot of potential for development in the airlines sectors in the Asian region with recent crisis in finances that have forced companies around the world in order to engage in the process of cost cutting factors and it also consist of hitting the airlines industry in a hard manner with a lmost eleven billion of loss in the year 2009. The Asian region has positive development of almost two percent as compare worldwide. Such kind of carriers are utilizing differentiation based strategy principles which focus mainly on varied booking service as well as in-flight offers. There is frequent flyer based programs and were also provided by airlines to retain consumer and create a positive loyalty for brand. According to the marketing perspective, most of the airlines are member based on strategic alliance are associated with Star alliance and Sky-trex and have right code of share system with other partners alliances to increase the flight association and also extend connection with flight. At the same time, SIA has strived with the offering and with reputable excellence in association with in-flight service and innovation based entertainment systems. Threat of substitute product: Singapore Airlines had also aimed that passengers that focus on the comfort as well as on time while travelling and are less price sensitive which have made other mode of transport a bad substitute for the company, specifically on different medium along with long haul flights (Porter, 1985). At the same time, advancement in technology have also evolves with new kind of treats. The concept of video conferencing also means of getting a lot relinquish the need for business travelers and this is why, there are number of post serious treat which make it as substitute to complete airline industry. With the help of advancement in technology with HD video conferencing are able to finish at low capital investment as well as low maintenance fees. New characteristics has come with introduction like sharing files, recording with video, computer screen that have made the concept of video conferencing to be near direct meeting (Richards, 2012). Bargaining power of buyers: the current airlines industry has been active part of products for so many years with an aim of getting from one destination to another and it never makes a lot of difference on which the present airlines company they select and this is also true specifically for long to medium haul travel. By the time, air space completely deregulates for instance, the recent deregulation of Malaysia-Singapore air travel has also prompted a kind of an influx of other kind of carrier like Air Asia and Firefly to diverse market like MAS and SIA. The travelers in the present airline industry contain business passenger along with discretion based passengers (Olienyk Carbaugh, 2011). Discretion based passengers are very flexible by nature on the flight and time connection along with cost is main problem for them. Business passengers are not very sensitive by nature and also about price despite short travelers time and also with comfortable travel with right priority for peopl e. People will also hesitate to move to airlines when timing and price is matched with certain kind of interest. There are number of traveler principle travel agents for buying the tickets and there are some business travelers even recruit a designated travel based agent. The travel agents also form huge amount of sales of tickets and this further give specific power to other travel agents and airlines will normally provide some percentage of commission to them for sales of tickets. The concept of zero commission based policy by Singapore Airlines has also caused protest in the form of boycott of sales of Singapore Airlines tickets by many travel agents who consist of almost eighty percent of total sales which further forced the company to decrease flight and also down sized in places like India. The bargaining power of the buyer is indeed quite high for the company (Schafer Victor, 1997). Bargaining power of suppliers: the company have number subsidiary Singapore Airport services for handling the ground based service like handling baggage and it also consist of in-flight beverages and food supply. (The Times of India, 2014). The company also has other subsidiaries like SIA engineering that also engaged in maintaining the aircraft as well as services. The company has also been very strong and financially stable and this is why it never relies heavily on many other financial situations for different business process. This further leaves the main suppliers of the present SIA just on producers of air craft. The jet fuel also forms up to forty percent of all the expenditure of airlines and is also used as a commodity that has the power to change or move the crude oil prices. The airlines sector usually buys the plane from Airbus to Boeing (Riwo et al., 2013). At the same time, there were no fix substitute with high amount retraining along with right cost for logistics that will help in incurring for moving the suppliers and the overall demand is relatively slow or weak for different kind of suppliers in recent time with around ten percent of the worlds place in storage. The company is constantly involved in renewing the present fleet that at the time of peak of any crisis gives sales order that assist aircraft producers that pull through the difficulty in financial crisis. Power of the stakeholder- relative: - there are other kinds of stakeholders that plays an important role consist of Airline Pilot cooperation or association, Singapore Airlines Staff Union and other regulation based authority at country. the government of Singapore also plays an important role while regulating the air space of eth country and also handling the landing based rights to many international flights and also setting new kind of landing rights with other country. This also influences the routes that company is able offer and competition that can be faced here. The major shareholders of the company with the help of Singapore Airlines with the help of Temasek Holding and the government of the country have the complete power to interfere in policy as well as businesses procedure it requires to (Schafer et al., 1997). There are other regulatory based authority as well that may influence the business process of the company. For instance, the recent allegation by the ACCC which i s also known as Australian Competition and Consumer Commission which the company can cargo and also enter into price based fixing cartel. All such international regulatory group have the limited barriers on Singapore Airlines and challenging to impact the business process of the company and also has the power which is low. (Wang, 2014). Importance of changing competitive environment in Singapore Airlines and how it impacts policies and decision making within the organization or industry sector There is no second thought that the present airlines sector is facing a lot competition which is also intense by nature and it is done with many airlines companies that are struggling to survive. However, Singapore Airlines must also survive the fierce competition and in addition it also thrives for its peer. Singapore Airlines constantly make a profit in this risky and competitive business environment and it also makes the company stand out primarily because of stiff competition. Therefore, to answer such doubts it is important to recognize the options where Singapore Airlines that can exploit and the threats that company needs to deal which in some cases may not be sufficient (Singapore Airlines, 2013). In order to gain success in this current ever-changing market, Singapore Airlines should have strategic capacity to make sure that people can outperform the competitors. A resource related opinion also suggests that the current strategic capability comes from the present competitive advantages that mainly stems from the resources of the company and the usage of such resources along with capabilities and competencies. There are many resources which mainly can be separated into many intangible as well as tangible sections. The tangible resources are normally part of the physical or financial assets of company and are easier to recognize and test the intangible resources that are invisible assets. (Wirtz Johnston, 2003). For Singapore Airlines, the tangible resources consist of the different airplane fleet with advanced level of maintenances and facilities based on state of art maintenance group with cash reserve which is strong by nature as well as well trained employees. The Singapore Airlines also consist of many intangible resources that are based on brand name, reputation of brand, culture of company along with organization capacities with employees skills and knowledge (Singapore Airlines 2012). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the organizations response There are four pillars where technology has best prospective to reduce emission in aviation. The present industry is also making great amount of advances in technology like revolutionary designs of new planes along with new composite ad light weight raw materials, with radical and new kind of engine advances and the growth of bio-fuels. The airlines industry also needs to spend over one trillion of dollars on new aircraft by the year 2020 (Stockport, 2012). There are some five thousand aircrafts that are aiming to get replace by 2020 or raise by twenty seven percent of the current fleet those results in twenty one percent of reduction. Sustainable bio-fuels in aviation sector can decrease the CO2 emission almost by 80% along with complete carbon on the basis of life cycle. Recommendations It is important to understand here that Singapore Airlines can make most utilization of most number of advantages by the present alliances and the contribution is done equally to the partners that are impacted by services or other advantages. The company also prefers to have some kind of partnership in the industry and also add more to the current destination, with more aircrafts as well as customer services that will make them to stay for the position of becoming the best. The company must continue to work on the current branding and also providing the best services which is actually meant to maintain satisfactory level of customer and also continue to have strong staff because of all the expenses of costs. One must also maintain the branding name along with quality of present services and it is also important to move to diverse market which can provide risks based solution when the strategy fails entirely. This further proves that any fatal for the companies as there are other orga nizations as well those have also settled the brand name in the market. There are things which are similar to technology that can be obtained easily by any other kind of organization. References Air Transport World (2014). Singapore Airlines boosts Tigerair stake. Online athttps://atwonline.com/finance-amp-data/singapore-airlines-boosts-tigerair-stake. Accessed on 12 October 2014 Beria, P., Niemeier, H. M., Frhlich, K. (2011). Alitaliathe failure of a national carrier. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(4), 215-220. Bloomberg Businessweek (2012). Singapore airlines completion rise. Online at https:// www.businessweek.com%2Farticles%2F2012-05-17%2Fsingapore-airlines-competition-rises. Accessed on 12 October 2014 Centre for Aviation (2013). Singapore Airlines reduces focus on US market as non-stop flights are dropped. Online athttps://centreforaviation.com/analysis/singapore-airlines-reduces-focus-on-us-market-as-non-stop-flights-are-dropped-131665. Accessed on 12 October 2014 Chan, D. (2000). The story of Singapore airlines and the Singapore girl. Journal of Management Development, 19(6), 456-472. Cook, A., Tanner, G., Lawes, A. (2012). The hidden cost of airline unpunctuality. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 462), 157-173. Fu, X., Oum, T. H. (2014). Air transport liberalization and its effects on airline competition and traffic Growth: An overview. The Economics of International Airline Transport (Advances in Airline Economics, Volume 4) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 11-44. Hakimian, H. (2011). The economic prospects of the Arab Spring: A bumpy road ahead. CDPR Development ViewPoint 63 (1), 1-2 Heracleous, L., Wirtz, J. (2012). Strategy and Organisation at Singapore Airlines: Achieving Sustainable Advantage Through Dual Strategy. In Inderwildi, O. and King, D. (eds.) Energy, Transport, the Environment (pp. 479-493). London: Springer Heracleous, L., Wirtz, J. (2014). Singapore Airlines: Achieving sustainable advantage through mastering paradox. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, DOI: 0021886314522323. Heracleous, L., Wirtz, J., Pangarkar, N. (2006). Flying High in a Competitive Industry. Singapore: McGraw Hill Lim, S., Lee, B. (2012). Online loyalty programs viewed from a searchability perspective. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Electronic Commerce (pp. 255-262). ACM. Markides, C., Sosa, L. (2013). Pioneering and first mover advantages: the importance of business models. Long Range Planning, 46 (4), 325-334. Olienyk, J., Carbaugh, R. J. (2011). Boeing and Airbus: Duopoly in jeopardy?. Global Economy Journal, 11(1), 4. Pearson, J., Merkert, R. (2014). Airlines-within-airlines: A business model moving east. Journal of Air Transport Management, 38, 21-26. Porter, ME. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: The Free Press Richards, B. (2012). Future transport in cities. London: Taylor Francis. Riwo-Abudho, M., Njanja, L. W., Ochieng, I. (2013). Key success factors in airlines: Overcoming the challenges. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(30), 84-88. Schafer, A., Victor, D. (1997). The past and future of global mobility. Scientific American, 277(4), 58-61 Singapore Airlines (2013). Annual report 2013. Online athttps://www.singaporeair.com/pdf/Investor-Relations/Annual-Report/annualreport1314.pdfAccessed on 12 October 2014 Singapore Airlines (2014). About us. Online athttps://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/about-us. Accessed on 12 October 2014 Stockport, G. J. (2012). AirAsia-flying high. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 4(3), 324-333. The Times of India (2014). Tata Sons-Singapore Airlines 'Vistara' set for October launch online athttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Tata-Sons-Singapore-Airlines-Vistara-set-for-October-launch/articleshow/40063616.cmsAccessed on 12 October 2014 Wang, S. W. (2014). Do global airline alliances influence the passenger's purchase decision? Journal of Air Transport Management, 37(1), 53-59. Wirtz, J., Johnston, R. (2003). Singapore Airlines: what it takes to sustain service excellencea senior management perspective. Managing Service Quality, 13(1), 10-19.

Your MSB Masters Essay Sample - MSBS Essay Submission Tips

Your MSB Masters Essay Sample - MSBS Essay Submission TipsA Business MBA Master Essay Sample is a compilation of topics and keywords, used by MSBs to generate interest in their articles. The keywords should be used in a way that will make the reader aware of the keywords while the title should be highlighted to give the reader a heads up that the article is going to be very important.It is quite common for the MSBS to write three essays and submit them to a review course or university. The higher the ranking of the MSBS, the more likely they are to submit at least one review essay. Therefore the higher ranked the article, the more likely it is that the MSBS will submit it.This is the advantage of using an MSB Master Essay Sample, as it will save you time and money on the submissions. You have to spend all the time and effort in writing the essay and submitting it, whereas the essay is going to be very informative for those who will be reading the essays. You have to keep in mind that the MSBS is going to sell the article on their website.Make sure you have an idea of what they are going to say in their's article, before you even get started on your own. This way you are not wasting your time on something that is not going to be worth your time. Start out with an idea of what the MSBS will say and when you get into the final draft, go over each sentence again to make sure it is grammatically correct.It is not necessary to have a look at the entire essay for each and every phrase. Remember that this is a business essay and you do not want to read something that is too technical for a layman. If there is something that does not sound correct to you, ask questions.Your objective in having a submission for the MSBS Master Essay Sample is to get the article out there. As mentioned earlier, the essay is going to be on the website, so it has to have something valuable in it. Do not publish something that is long, since it will simply clog up the site, giving it the tit le 'MSBS Reviews!'Word of mouth is the best way to promote your business, if it is up and running, there is no other way than word of mouth. Therefore make sure that each and every entry you submit to an internet article directory is a great one.

5 Essay Excerpts from Northwestern Admissions Essays

How do you grab hold on to an admission counselors attention? if youre applying to Northwestern University, take a look at the following essay excerpts from Northwestern students and see how they did it:PurpleWildCat Class of 2018 I love food. And I come from a family where everybody loves food too. Food was a powerful thing in my family—it was more than just a way for our bodies to get nutrients—it was family bonding. It was memories. It was a form of art. The only difference between the rest of my family and me? My family could cook—my grandma created traditional Taiwanese dishes like lu rou fan; my mom bakes the best Parmesan breaded halibut—I, however, do not seem to be blessed with the cooking gene. I cannot, for my life, make food. When I tried to bake cookies for the first time, I ended up setting off the smoke alarm at 3 a.m. Read on.Annacblakley Class of 2020 Two broken brushes and an empty spray bottle of water later, I am left with a less than curly, more than straight, brown mane. I turn to my mom’s drawer of worn-away labels of mostly expired, nearly empty bottles of ancient hair products. I conclude that a concoction of â€Å"Smoothing Serum,† â€Å"3 Minute Miracle Straight,† and a hodgepodge of other nameless formulas will do the trick. I pour the array of styling formulas into an empty bottle and immediately become nauseous from the fake watermelon and flower scent cascading from the bottle. But beauty is pain, and I’ve been told straight hair is beauty. Continue reading.Basur Class of 2019 Cars, carts, and three-wheeled rickshaws part around the cow sleeping in the middle of the street like water around a rock. A beautiful Indian woman smiles at me from a large billboard, holding a bottle of lotion and showing off her flawless complexion. Underneath the billboard, an old lady draped in a worn cloth sari struggles to carry a jug of water. Towering steel buildings intermingle with run-down slums. As our car passes an alley, a ragged boy my age crouches away from the relentless sun, hoping for a few meager coins to drop into his outstretched hands. I sit back in the cool car and let the window fog back up. It was here that I learned appreciation and humbleness. View full profile. Allym896 Class of 2018 For the past three years, every time summer rolls around, I look forward to one week: PACO Camp, home base of the Bay Area’s â€Å"music rebels,† and weeklong small ensemble camp for the Palo Alto Chamber Orchestra’s middle and high school students. We consider ourselves â€Å"music rebels† because of the way we emphasize small ensembles, an uncommon feature in youth orchestras; the way we are not competitive with each other or anyone else and seating is random; the way that, despite the 90% Asian population, we aren’t â€Å"tiger-mommed† into performing music. We even further defy convention by giving viola solos! Read on. Bobsagat Class of 2018 Nothing’s better than an afternoon at the ballpark. The row of palm trees, the imposing brick and metal structure, the very grandness of San Francisco’s ATT Park dwarfed my 13-year-old self as I walked through its gates. Going up the escalators, I could smell the hot dogs and hear the crack of the bats during pre-game batting practice. My dad led me through the crowd to our seats, looking perfectly down the first base line. View full profile. Are you looking to apply to Northwestern? Make sure to search through profiles of students accepted to see essays, stats, and advice. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Classroom Management Essays

Classroom Management Essays Classroom Management Paper Classroom Management Paper Madeline Hunter ITIP=Instructional Theory Into Practice program attempted to translate findings in educational psychology into practical strategies that improved instruction. Helped teachers understand the need to develop clear instructional goals, state these to students, provide effective direct instruction, and monitor students progress. Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Jere Brophy Maximizing student egagement ; Four areas of knowledge and skill 1) CM should be based on a solid understanding of current research and theory in CM and students personal and psychological needs. 2) CM depends on creating a positive classroom climate and a community of support by establishing positive teacher-student and peer relationships having positive involvement with students parents and caregivers. 3) CM involves using instructional methods that facilitate optimal learning by responding to the academic needs of individual students and the classroom group. 4) CM involves the ability to use a wide range of counseling and behavioral methods that involve students in examining and correcting their inappropriate behavior. Lee Canter Originator of Assertive Discipline method no student has a right to prevent a teacher from teaching or another student from learning Canter later stated: Imposing more and more rules and harsher consequences doesnt work. ;Discipline should be built on a foundation of moral trust and respect. George Sugai Positive  Behavior Support: â€Å"Pupil achievements behavior can be influenced (for the better or worse) by overall characteristics of school†¦.this means focus on features promoting good functioning at classroom, departmental or whole school level.† Alfie Kohn Schools will best serve students and our society most productively if they focus on producing not only good learners, but good people. Schools are ideal places to nurture childrens innate sense of caring and generosity of spirit. Rudolf Dreikurs Social Discipline model is based on the four basic premises of Adlers social theory. 1. Humans are social beings and their basic motivation is to belong 2. All behavior has a purpose 3. Humans are decision-making organisms 4. Humans only perceive reality and this perception may be mistaken or biased The four goals of misbehavior are: attention getting, the contest for power, seeking revenge, and displaying inadequacy. Dreikurs promoted the use of encouragement and logical (and natural) consequences rather than reward and punishment. William Glasser __________ body of work, known as Control Theory, was renamed Choice Theory    Choice Theory, states that a person’s behavior is inspired by what that person wants or needs at that particular time, not an outside stimulus. Glasser states that all living creatures control their behavior to fulfill their need for satisfaction in one or more of these five areas: survival, to belong and be loved by others, to have power and importance, freedom and independence, and to have fun Stanley Coopersmith In order to possess high self-esteem, individuals need to experience a sense of significance, competence, and power. Trust and personal involvement as well as a sense of accomplishment or competence if their needs are to be met. Positive two-way relationship where both parties care about each other. Erik Erikson Each stage of life is associated with a specific psychological struggle, a struggle that contributes to a major aspect of personality.   8 Stages of Psychosocial development Developmental progression- from trust to autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity- was conceived as the sequential reorganization of ego and character structures. Each phase was the potential root of later health and pathology.      David Elkind Three basic contracts between adults and children: Responsibility-freedom = adults sensitively monitoring the childs level of intellectual, social, and emotional development in order to provide freedoms and and opportunities to exercise responsibility Achievement-support = adults expecting age appropriate achievements and providing the necessary personal and material support to help children reach these goals. Loyalty-commitment = Emphasizes adults expectations that children will respond with loyalty and acceptance of adults because of the time, effort, and energy adults give. Joan Lipsitz Expert in Early Adolescence Adults fail to understand E.A. School environments need to meet the needs for: Diversity opportunities for self-exploration and self-definition meaningful participation in school and community positive social interaction with peers and adults physical activity competence and achievement structure and clear limits Gordon-Teacher Effectiveness Training The relationship between a teacher and a student is good when it has: Openness or Transparency (so each is able to risk directness and honest with the other.) Caring (when each knows they are valued by the other) Interdependence (as opposed to dependency of one on the other) Separateness (to allow each to grow and to develop his uniqueness, creativity, and individuality) Mutual Needs Meeting (so that neithers needs are met at the expense of the others needs) Glasser-Reality Therapy Reality therapy is firmly based on  choice theory  and its successful application is dependent on a strong understanding of choice theory.   Choice theory states that:  all we do is behave,  that almost all behavior is chosen, and  that we are driven by our genes to satisfy five basic needs: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun. Dreikurs- dealing with the causes of misbehavior We should realize that a misbehaving child is only a discouraged child trying to find his place; he is acting on the faulty logic that his misbehaviour will give him the social acceptance which he desires. When a child is deprives of the;opportunity;to gain status through his useful;contributions, the usually seeks proof of his status in class through getting attention Attention Avoidance/Escape Control Revenge Self-Regulation/Coping Play Jim Fay- Love and Logic There are four beliefs that form the foundation of Love and Logic. They are: Discipline is effective when it is a central part of learning. Misbehavior finds its roots in discouragement and control issues. Modeling of self-disciplined behavior is our best teaching tool. The most critical component of discipline is the relationship that is built between the teacher and the student ; There are also four principles of Love and Logic as listed in Discipline with Love and Logic by Jim Fay and Foster W. Cline, M.D., 1997. They are: The students self-concept is always a prime consideration. The child is always left with a feeling that he/she has some control. An equal balance of consequences and empathy replaces punishment whenever possible. The student is required to do more thinking than the adult.

Business Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Writing - Essay Example I have been able to first address the problem of a complaining customer by stating the commitment of the company to satisfy his needs and preventing such incidents from happening in the near future. The memo has also developed to include messages aimed at repairing the confidence of the customer. This has been achieved by assurance the customer that the company was making commitments to fix the problem in the shortest time possible. I have also been able to reduce the number of words by focusing on making the memo precise and straight to the point.I gained a number of insights with regards to business writing. For instance, I was able to address a complaint letter by addressing the claim of the customer and later on repairing his confidence. I promised the customer that our organization was going to provide assistance and that we valued his concerns. The assignment also helped me identify and appreciate the need to have my peers and tutor go through my writing so as to ensure that er rors are identified and corrected at an early stage. My peers and tutor read over my work and made comments on the mistakes they had identified in my writings. The teacher played a very significant role in improving my writing skills by identifying mistakes and suggesting ways of correcting them. I will be considering what the reader wants to hear before writing any business letter or proposal. This will involve a complete focus on the relevant information that will satisfy the needs of the reader rather than addressing my personal needs. (Kuiper 140). 2. Samples of your work (â€Å"before and after†) with reflections: Persuasive Message Memo To: Roger Lee roger.lee@rotstein.com From: Mike Jones mike.jones@educatesolution.ca Subject: Re: Training Session Appointment—YourUni We apologize for the inconvenience caused by the training session appointment with our trainer Angela Flight on August 20th. We received your email and immediately contacted Ms. Flight regarding the issue. However, we discovered that there was a mismatch with the dates of appointment with our trainer. Company records indicated that your appointment was scheduled for 27th instead of 21st of August. However, we sincerely apologize for all the inconvenience we have caused your institution. We have made arrangements with our trainer that we

Fast Food Nation - Exploiting Adolescents Research Paper

Fast Food Nation - Exploiting Adolescents - Research Paper Example In his book, â€Å"The Fast Food Nation†, Eric Schlosser brings gimmick to the exposà © summarizing the central idea of the topic in the following statement, â€Å"A fast food restaurant can be a nice place to visit- but if you might not want to work there-especially if you are a teenager.† The sentence cleverly adumbrates the vulnerability of the working ambience at the fast food outlet. American teenager dominates employment at these places (Wartman, Web). Consequently, the issue is being strongly analyzed as adolescence mark the future of the country. The book discusses the misery of a sixteen-year-old high school girl, Elisa Zimot. She was keen to work at the Mc Donald’s outlet but resented later when a customer’s dealt with her brutally. Often people misbehave with fast workers as they look at them with disdain and contempt. Other teenagers work tediously at fast food restaurants, beyond their legal working limit. A survey illustrated that many high school students around fifteen years of age work for twelve hours and sophomores working late at night in these restaurants. Although the working duration assigned by the Fair Labour Standards do not exceed from more than three hours for school going children, below sixteen years of age. In other words, students are not allowed to work during school hours that is before seven in the morning and after seven at night (Sagon, Web). Even if the school is closed, they might work for few more hours but within the defined limit. Many students cross the limit and consequently, their studies are affected. It is proven by a survey that maximum fifteen hours of employment help students academically whereas beyond this range students show a decline in their overall academics and engage in anti-social activities linked with drug and alcohol abuse (Schlosser 9). Apart from this the fast food restaurants are well equipped with machines, some of which are prohibited for the teenagers to operate. The author discusses Colorado State’s law where it is illegal for teenagers below eighteen to use hazardous machinery during work.  Ã‚  

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks One of the major NASAs operation is space exploration which is the constant investigation and discovery of celestial patterns in the space by means of developing and increasing space technology. Although the space is studied by astronomers using telescopes, it can be physically explored both by unmanned robotic assistances and human astronauts. As the period of the space mission and the distance of the exploration increases, the importance of systems monitoring astronaut health increases as well. For example, as a result of factors such as gravity fields, space radiation, change in pressure, change in oxygen level, distance and long-term weightlessness, human body may suffer significant hazardous effects including muscle atrophy, spaceflight osteopenia, cardiovascular system malfunctioning, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and immune system weakening. NASAs new policies for space exploration by astronauts mandates significant changes and improvements in astronaut health monitori ng systems. Therefore, health monitoring throughout all phases of space exploration including in-flight and extra-vehicular activity is essential. The real-time monitoring of astronauts physiological situations should be performed, either onboard or from Earth, and the obtained information must be evaluated. To examine the astronauts performance and health risks involved with space missions and develop essential technology and breakthroughs to minimize the risks and provide safer and more effective exploration, the Human Research Program (HRP) has been found at NASA [1]. The research scope of this program falls on four sections of Exploration Medical Capability, Human Factors and Behavioral Performance, Human Health Countermeasure, and Space Radiation. The overall emphasis of Exploration Medical Capability research section is to develop novel technologies to deal with the challenges of extending human space exploration and habitation. It is particularly intended to provide evidence-based techniques to observe and preserve astronaut health. To fulfil this objective, it is necessary to develop methods to detect and avoid any health risks that might happen during space missions [2]. To do so, an integrated research plan is employed by HRP to recognize the methods and research activities int ended to deal with health threats, which are allocated to certain sections within the program and is placing requests for more detailed and accurate data to be recorded relative to astronaut health monitoring. Such efforts are raising awareness for the need to deploy effective and comprehensive physiological monitoring in order to develop accurate documentation of astronaut health during Extra-vehicular activity and event performance. Conventionally, the only physiological factor observed through NASA extra-vehicular activities was the heart rate. Modern spacesuits integrate comprehensive life-support systems and modular components. These spacesuits highly assist space missions mostly throughout maintenance jobs and exploration operations. A variety of spacesuits has been made in the course of time and they have developed into todays modern, modular and self-contained forms [3]. Monitoring the crew members through their spacesuits during the space operations such as extra-vehicular activities provides the information about the performance and health of the members as well as the environmental awareness which is necessary to fulfil mission requirements. However, most of these methods require direct contacts of sensors, either in the form of electrode or garment, to the body which, under certain conditions such as anxiety and perspiration, make the results not to be error-free [4]. Therefore, the need for contact-less sensors able to monitor physiological and health status of the astronauts especially during extra-vehicular activity is essential. Furthermore, these sensors must be non-invasive or minimally invasive and very sensitive and provide real time information. On top of that, the sensors should be durable, gravity-independent, low in power consumption, compact in size while simply repairable or replaceable. To fill the gap for effective monitoring we propose†¦.. The objectives of this proposal are highly aligned with NASAs requirements as follows [1]: EVA 10: Can knowledge and use of real-time physiological and system parameters during EVA operations improve crew health and performance? EVA 8: What are the physiological inputs and outputs associated with EVA operations in exploration environments? Osteo 5: We need an inflight capability to monitor bone turnover and bone mass changes during spaceflight. Sleep Gap 1: We need to identify a set of validated and minimally obtrusive tools to monitor and measure sleep-wake activity and associated performance changes for spaceflight. SM7.1: Determine if there are decrements in performance on functional tasks after long-duration spaceflight. Determine how changes in physiological function, exercise activity, and/or clinical data account for these decrements. Team Gap 2: We need to identify a set of validated measures, based on the key indicators of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance fluctuations during autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions. References: [1] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/ [2] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Explore/ [3] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-next-generation-of-suit-technologies [4] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/technology-onepagers/life-guard.html